l-Carnitine

Verifiable Science

l-Carnitine is an amino acid found abundantly in skeletal and heart muscle. It functions primarily to support fat utilization and also acts as a carrier of fatty acids into the mitochondria, where they are oxidized and converted to energy. l-Carnitine also facilitates the removal of short and medium chain fatty acids from the mitochondria that accumulate during normal metabolic processes. A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of l-carnitine involving 101 volunteers indicated that l-carnitine maintained healthy lipid peroxides and cardiac enzymes including lactate dehydrogenase.1 In combination with other cardiovascular support agents, l-carnitine supported ventricular function and superoxide dismutase enzyme activity in human volunteers.2 Long-term l-carnitine supplementation indicated positive support for cardiovascular health after a 3-year follow-up in adult subjects.3 A placebo-controlled clinical study conducted at Ball State University in Indiana has found that l-carnitine-l-tartrate supplementation helps physical recovery from high intensity exercise.4 l-Carnitine-l-tartrate contains 68% pure l-carnitine and 32% natural l-tartaric acid.‡

References

1. Singh RB, et al. Postgrad Med J. 1996 Jan;72(843):45-50.

2. G?rlek A, et al. Eur J Heart Fail. 2000 Jun;2(2):189-93.

3. Rizos I. Am Heart J. 2000 Feb;139(2 Pt 3):S120-3.

4. Spiering BA, et al. J Strength Cond Res. 2007 Feb;21(1):259-64.